Retrieval vs. Verification
Why RAG on legal documents isn't legal verification

RAG retrieves text. It does not determine whether that text represents a binding holding, who said it, whether the case is still good law, or which courts are bound by it. These are not edge cases. They are the definition of legal verification.

Published August 2026 · 8 min read Read the piece →
Extraction Methodology
How we measure extraction accuracy: the gold evaluation methodology

A single accuracy number is meaningless without a methodology. Ours scores across seven independent classification categories on a human-labeled held-out set.

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Graph Architecture
Circuit splits as an engineering problem

A circuit split is not just a legal curiosity. It is a structured data problem: two courts, same statute, opposite holdings, both binding within their circuits. Here is how we model it.

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Legal Ontology
What Hohfeld gets right that semantic search gets wrong

Hohfeld's 1913 framework distinguishes duties from rights, privileges from liabilities. Modern semantic search treats all legal relationships as edges of equal weight. The consequences are concrete and computable.

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Temporal Reasoning
The three temporal clocks in legal authority data

Opinion date, statute effective date, and applicability window are not the same thing. Conflating them is the most common source of temporal error in legal AI systems. We store all three, separately.

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